howclose.to
Intelligence · Updated July 2026Momentum · accelerating

How close are we to artificial general intelligence?When will AI learn almost any thinking task?

or, simply: When will AI learn almost any thinking task?or, precisely: How close are we to artificial general intelligence?

Frontier models saturate most static benchmarks, yet reliable long-horizon autonomy, calibrated reasoning and a shared definition of general intelligence all remain open — so any single 'percent to AGI' is a guess dressed as a number.AI can already help with many kinds of thinking, but it still makes confident mistakes and struggles to carry a big job through on its own.

We are here

Benchmarks saturate while autonomy lags — Frontier models top out static benchmarks like MMLU and ARC-AGI-1, yet still struggle with long-horizon autonomy, exposing a gap between test scores and real agency. Next up — Forecast: "weakly general" AI (expected 2028).

01 · Where we stand

Four tests between here and the goal

Each threshold is a falsifiable claim with a named next test. We move the meter only when a result is public.

Broad cognitive competenceLearn many different kinds of workIn progress
62%
Next testARC-AGI-2 and held-out expert evals resistant to training-data leakage
Long-horizon autonomyFinish long jobs without hand-holdingEarly
28%
Next testMETR 50%-task time horizon extending from hours to multi-day tasks
Calibrated reliabilityStay reliable when things get weirdEarly
18%
Next testPre-registered external safety and calibration evaluations on frontier deployments
THRESHOLDS — Thresholds for AGI.
02 · How we got here

The record behind the verdict

Major events set large; context events set small but never hidden. Everything below the TODAY rule is a schedule, not a result.

195019733 events1 shown

The symbolic dream

The symbolic dream moved the field from turing asks "can machines think?" to the perceptron learns from data. The results narrowed the next question without closing it.

1950
Turing asks "Can machines think?"
Alan Turing's paper proposes the Imitation Game (Turing Test) as an operational bar for machine intelligence.
1956
The Dartmouth workshop names the fieldTheory
A summer workshop at Dartmouth College coins the term "artificial intelligence" and launches AI as a formal research discipline.
1958
The perceptron learns from data
Frank Rosenblatt builds the perceptron, an early trainable artificial neural network that adjusts its own weights to classify inputs.
197419963 events1 shown

Winters and the wilderness

Winters and the wilderness moved the field from the first ai winter sets in to the second ai winter. The results narrowed the next question without closing it.

1974
The first AI winter sets in
After the critique of perceptrons and the pessimistic Lighthill report, funding and optimism collapse for roughly a decade.
1986
Backpropagation revives neural netsTheory
Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams popularize backpropagation, making it practical to train multi-layer networks and reigniting connectionism.
1987
The second AI winter
The specialized LISP-machine market collapses and expert-system hype deflates, triggering a second multi-year funding drought.
199720162 events2 shown

Machines that learn

Machines that learn moved the field from deep blue beats kasparov to alexnet ignites the deep-learning era. The results narrowed the next question without closing it.

1997
Deep Blue beats KasparovExperiment
IBM's Deep Blue defeats reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov, the first computer to beat a champion under tournament conditions.
2012
AlexNet ignites the deep-learning eraExperiment
A deep convolutional network wins the ImageNet competition by a huge margin, proving GPU-trained neural nets on big data beat hand-engineered vision.
201720298 events4 shown

Foundation models and agents

Foundation models and agents moved the field from the transformer architecture to forecast: "weakly general" ai. The results narrowed the next question without closing it.

2017
The transformer architectureTheory
"Attention Is All You Need" introduces the transformer, the attention-based architecture that underpins virtually every modern large language model.
2019
GPT-2 shows scale generates fluent text
OpenAI's GPT-2 produces coherent long-form text and is released in staged fashion over stated misuse concerns, foreshadowing the scaling era.
2020
GPT-3 and few-shot learning
The 175-billion-parameter GPT-3 performs many tasks from a few examples in its prompt, demonstrating emergent capability from raw scale.
2022
ChatGPT reaches the publicDeployment
OpenAI releases ChatGPT, and a conversational, instruction-tuned LLM reaches mainstream users, becoming one of the fastest-growing apps ever.
2024
Reasoning models and agents arrive
OpenAI's o1 spends inference-time "thinking" before answering, opening the o-series reasoning line that powers more autonomous agentic systems.
2025
AI task-time-horizon doubles ~every 7 monthsExperiment
METR finds the length of software tasks AI can finish at 50% reliability has grown exponentially, doubling roughly every seven months since 2019.
2025
Benchmarks saturate while autonomy lagsWe are here
Frontier models top out static benchmarks like MMLU and ARC-AGI-1, yet still struggle with long-horizon autonomy, exposing a gap between test scores and real agency.
2028
Forecast: "weakly general" AIPolicyTarget
The Metaculus community's aggregate forecast places the arrival of a publicly known "weakly general" AI in the late 2020s, around 2028.
201620292 events1 shown

Events outside the declared eras

Events outside the declared eras moved the field from alphago defeats lee sedol to projected: ai handles week-long tasks. The results narrowed the next question without closing it.

2016
AlphaGo defeats Lee SedolExperiment
DeepMind's AlphaGo beats top Go professional Lee Sedol 4-1, mastering a game long considered a landmark for intuition and search.
2029
Projected: AI handles week-long tasksExperimentTarget
Extrapolating METR's seven-month doubling implies agents could autonomously complete software tasks that take humans days or weeks by the end of the decade.
03 · The data behind the verdict

Why the meters read the way they do

The learning curves and comparisons that justify each threshold's percentage. Every series is measured, with the source event linked in the timeline above.

B

The contribution flow

Hardware on the left, software on the right, both feeding the capability frontier in the middle. Line thickness = share of today's progress; colour = momentum. Labels sit outboard so nothing crosses the flows. Select a lever for its explanation →

acceleratingactivematuringbottleneckemerging
Contribution flow of AGI hardware and software leversHardware and software levers feed a central capability frontier. Thicker lines show more of today's progress, and each lever can be selected for details.CAPABILITYthefrontierHARDWARE — the machineTraining computematuring · 60%Acceleratorsactive · 55%Memory & bandwidthbottleneck · 50%Interconnectactive · 45%Power & energybottleneck · 40%Specialized siliconemerging · 30%SOFTWARE — the methodPre-training scalingmaturing · 50%Architectureactive · 50%Post-trainingaccelerating · 85%Test-time computeaccelerating · 80%Agents & tool useemerging · 50%Efficiencyactive · 40%thicker line = more of today's progress · red = turning into a constraint

Tap a node or label · thicker line = more of today's push

04 · What it unlocks

If the remaining tests pass

Downstream capabilities, drawn dashed because they depend on results not yet in.

AGIFaster robotics researchAI improves robot learning, planning and hardware designFaster longevity researchAI helps design experiments, molecules and biological modelsAccelerated science everywhereresearch cycles shrink across fields from materials to medicineAI plasma controlMachine learning helps steer and stabilize the plasma inside a fusion reactor.AI-designed vaccinesAI can design antigens and compress the path from a new pathogen to an authorized shot.Better neural decodersAI turns noisy brain signals into fluent text and speech far faster than hand-built decoders.
05 · Sources

Where every number comes from

  1. METR — Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Tasks (2025)metr.org
  2. ARC Prize — ARC-AGI benchmarkarcprize.org
  3. OpenAI — Why Language Models Hallucinate (2025)openai.com
  4. Metaculus — Date of the first general AI systemmetaculus.com